Housing Resistant Forms of Life
By Hamed Khosravi
The most typical domestic activities, traditionally concealed as ‘unproductive’ and ‘servile’ unpaid labor, have become paradigmatic forms of exploitation, to the extent that household management, reproduction, affectivity and care have become, today, the fundamental qualities of the ubiquitous field of labor precarity.[2] In this sense, dwelling itself has been stripped out of its spatial organizations and traditional protective clichés, becoming the most profitable living performance of value production, triggering a progressive hybridization of the domestic space through a parallel and opposite feminization of labor and an internal masculinization of the Existenzminimum.[3] This differentiation indeed is tended to neutralize the life itself. The emergence of such forms of life has progressively eroded the strict division between public and private space, blurring Hannah Arendt’s distinction between work, labor and political action. The city becomes at the same time a continuous field of exteriorized publicity and a sequence of autonomous, privatized interiors.
This way of living stands in opposition to the post-war reconceptualization of the domestic space when sets of living norms and standards were formulated into spatial codes that prevailed the architecture of the house. Indeed these norms were political apparatuses though which the state power was applied to the life of the citizens. In this mechanism of control, ‘style’ replaced the ‘living’ itself and citizenship, with its political commitment, was replaced by social norms and public behaviors.
Tehran is a paradigmatic case of the latter phenomenon, in which collective life proliferates almost entirely in interiors. Commercial, productive and living activities are confined between the same architectural types, which stretch throughout the metropolis as a continuous field of urbanization. In particular, the house is the place where all the economic, political, social, theological and class conflicts are deployed.
This form of organization is not entirely new in the Iranian-Islamic city. Its archetype is the medina, an inhabitable wall enclosing an internal space conceived as a ‘terrestrial paradise’. As analogon of the state, the enclosure is a micro-cosmos recapitulating the collective organization of the political body. Thus, the Iranian house embodies many meaning: it is a theological entity outside history and the mythical foundation of the Islamic state; at the same time it is the engine of production and the theater of everyday resistance.[4] Michel Foucault, in his famous articles from Tehran during the 1979 revolt, was fascinated by the political power of this duality, which he saw as the original contribution of Shi’ism: the possibility of a religion that gave to its people infinite resources to resist state power.[5] By focusing on the post-war architecture in Iran this essay will read the dwelling as the theater and the factory for this ever-present political constituency, for a continuous state of revolution.
In Tehran, during the post-war period, the immediate need for massive reconstruction not only resulted in developing new construction techniques and planning and design processes, but also paved the way for direct and fast implementation of series of political projects. In a way those were attempts to instrumentalize technology and modern concepts on behalf of particular ideologies to tame the socio-political tensions. This period is mainly characterized by the project of secularization, at the center of which was interior architecture and urban form; it not only happened through large scale planning apparatuses, but also initiated in careful engineering of the form of living in domestic spaces, while particular furniture, partitions and accessories was introduced to administer and govern the Iranian society at large.
Notes:
1. Arendt designates three fundamental human activities, each of which corresponds to one of the basic conditions under which life on earth has been given to man: work, labour, and action. Together they constitute the vita active. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1998).
2. ‘Labour is the activity which corresponds to the biological process of the human body, whose spontaneous growth, metabolism, and eventual decay are bound to the vital necessities produced and fed into the life process by labour. The human condition of labour is life itself.’ Ibid, 7.
3. Existenzminimum or ‘The Minimum Subsistence Dwelling’ was theorised as a minimally-acceptable living space, density, fresh air, access to green space, access to transit, and other such resident issues to support the minimum condition for life. It became the main theme of the second CIAM in 1929 ‘Die Wohnung für das Existenzminimum’ with the focus to be on design solutions to the problem of high rents for the low wage earners. See Eric Paul Mumford, The CIAM Discourse on Urbanism, 1928-1960 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000), 27-43.
4. See Hamed Khosravi, Medina [online]: http://thecityasaproject.org/2012/06/medina/
5. Janet Afary and Kevin B. Anderson, Foucault and the Iranian Revolution: Gender and the Seductions of Islamism (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2005).
People Occupied an Unfinished Building, Waiting For Ayatollah Khomeini, Islamic Revolution February 1979, Tehran-Iran
Source: Photo by Alain Dejean, Sygma/Corbis Archive.
380 Comments – Login to comment
aliraza1111111111 · Aug 12, 25 5:57 am
Torch keyrings are useful accessories that combine practicality with everyday convenience, providing light whenever needed. Housing resistant forms of life demonstrates nature’s incredible ability to adapt and survive in extreme environments. Just as these resilient organisms thrive, torch keyrings offer durability and reliability in daily life. Whether for emergencies or regular use, they are a perfect companion that symbolizes strength and preparedness, making them ideal for promotional giveaways or personal use. https://www.gopromotional.co.uk/branded-products/torch-led-keyrings
aliraza1111111111 · Aug 14, 25 11:53 am
Replacement locks Harrogate provides secure, durable solutions for homes and businesses, ensuring your property remains protected at all times. Expert locksmiths install high-quality locks designed to withstand tampering and wear. From emergency replacements to planned upgrades, they deliver dependable service tailored to your needs. Just as housing resistant forms of life requires strong structures, safeguarding your property with premium replacement locks ensures long-term safety, reliability, and peace of mind for you and your family. https://www.lockandkeyharrogate.co.uk
aliraza1111111111 · Aug 15, 25 11:22 am
Replacement locks Selby offers dependable solutions for enhancing your property’s security, whether for homes, offices, or rental spaces. Skilled technicians install and upgrade locks to protect against unauthorized access, giving you confidence in your safety. Housing resistant forms of life, like unwanted intruders, requires durable and reliable locking systems. With professional service and quality products, Replacement locks Selby ensures your doors and windows are secured, keeping your property safe day and night. https://www.lockandkeyselby.co.uk
aliraza1111111111 · Aug 17, 25 4:14 am
Auto locksmith course provides specialized training for handling vehicle locks, key programming, and ignition repairs with precision and safety. Students learn the latest techniques and tools used in modern automotive security, preparing them for professional opportunities in the field. Housing resistant forms of life, just like durable locks protect vehicles, ensures long-term security and resilience. This course combines theory and hands-on practice, equipping learners to manage complex auto locksmith challenges confidently and efficiently. https://www.mpl-locksmith-training.co.uk/3-day-auto-locksmith-training-course
aliraza1111111111 · Aug 17, 25 4:14 am
Auto locksmith course provides specialized training for handling vehicle locks, key programming, and ignition repairs with precision and safety. Students learn the latest techniques and tools used in modern automotive security, preparing them for professional opportunities in the field. Housing resistant forms of life, just like durable locks protect vehicles, ensures long-term security and resilience. This course combines theory and hands-on practice, equipping learners to manage complex auto locksmith challenges confidently and efficiently. https://www.mpl-locksmith-training.co.uk/3-day-auto-locksmith-training-course
aliraza1111111111 · Aug 24, 25 11:01 am
Door handle enhances both functionality and style, providing a smooth and reliable way to access any room. Designed for durability, it withstands daily use while complementing your interior décor. Available in various finishes and designs, it suits modern and classic spaces alike. Beyond aesthetics, it contributes to safety and ease of use. When paired with concepts like housing resistant forms of life, it emphasizes thoughtful design that balances practicality and resilience. https://locksandhandles.co.uk/
bushrabatool · Aug 27, 25 11:55 am
I highly recommend this firm for their straightforward and honest approach. They told me what to expect from the beginning, and there were no surprises along the way. family lawyerbushrabatool · Sep 1, 25 6:49 am
I had an old, decaying tree, and they gave me a thorough assessment. Their arborist's advice was invaluable in making the decision to remove it. Their knowledge and professionalism are impressive. Regina tree removalbushrabatool · Sep 1, 25 12:30 pm
This is more than just a store; it’s a resource for the martial arts community. The products are excellent, and the focus on discipline and personal growth is evident. It's great to find a place that shares your passion. martialartsupplies.orgbushrabatool · Sep 1, 25 1:30 pm
The gear provides great protection during sparring and is comfortable enough for my fitness workouts. sparring-gear-equipment.comaliraza1111111111 · Sep 6, 25 9:52 am
Emergency Locksmith Hull provides fast and reliable services for lockouts, repairs, and key replacements, ensuring homes, offices, and vehicles remain secure. Their skilled technicians are available 24/7 to handle urgent situations with professionalism and efficiency. From lock installations to advanced security upgrades, every service is tailored to protect your property. Known for prompt response times and dependable solutions, this locksmith service offers peace of mind and trusted support for residents across Hull. https://lockandkeyhull.co.uk
bushrabatool · Sep 10, 25 2:56 am
I highly recommend Yahoo Finance to anyone serious about investing. The combination of news, data, and powerful tools makes it an essential part of my investment strategy. yahoo.combushrabatool · Sep 10, 25 9:32 am
I highly recommend Elite Trade Painting for any exterior project. They painted our deck and fence, and the result is amazing. Their crew was meticulous and cleaned up everything perfectly afterwards. Residential interior painting in Halifax, NSbushrabatool · Sep 10, 25 10:51 am
I am so glad I found Air Central HVAC. My heat pump was acting up, and they sent a technician who had it fixed in no time. They are true experts and provide amazing service. air conditioning repair Garlandbushrabatool · Sep 10, 25 2:44 pm
Business-friendly catering—Ideal for companies, they are available for corporate transport needs, airport pickups, and tailored courier services. Taxi & airportservice Mechelenaliraza1111111111 · Sep 11, 25 5:46 am
Locksmiths Huddersfield offer professional and dependable services to protect your home, office, or commercial property. Whether you’re dealing with an emergency lockout, need repairs, or want to upgrade your security, local locksmiths provide fast, efficient, and affordable solutions. Their expertise ensures your property remains safe and accessible at all times. https://lockandkeyhuddersfield.co.uk
aliraza1111111111 · Sep 11, 25 5:47 am
Locksmiths Goole provide expert services to keep your property safe, accessible, and secure. Whether you’re locked out, need urgent lock repairs, or want to enhance your home or business security, professional locksmiths in Goole are available to help. With quick response times and reliable solutions, they ensure your security needs are met with professionalism and care. https://lockandkeygoole.co.uk
aliraza1111111111 · Sep 11, 25 5:47 am
Locksmiths Goole provide expert services to keep your property safe, accessible, and secure. Whether you’re locked out, need urgent lock repairs, or want to enhance your home or business security, professional locksmiths in Goole are available to help. With quick response times and reliable solutions, they ensure your security needs are met with professionalism and care. https://lockandkeygoole.co.uk
bushrabatool · Sep 11, 25 10:09 am
The leadership team at Delio is clearly experienced. They provided us with a seamless setup and an efficient system. Their expertise in the vending industry is evident in the quality of their service. micro market vendingbushrabatool · Sep 12, 25 5:05 am
This is a very well-written and informative article. It's a great resource for anyone considering adding turmeric to their routine. The focus on quality and consistency is a perfect takeaway. turmeric for inflammationbushrabatool · Sep 12, 25 6:16 am
We used their services for a trade show, and everything went so smoothly. The setup and takedown were fast, and the team was incredibly respectful of our timeline. They are a great partner to work with. wedding rentals Tampaaliraza1111111111 · Sep 12, 25 10:35 am
Door locks are essential for keeping homes, offices, and businesses secure while offering peace of mind to property owners. With a wide variety of options available today, from traditional deadbolts to modern smart locks, choosing the right door lock is key to balancing safety, convenience, and style. https://locksandhardwaredirect.co.uk
aliraza1111111111 · Sep 15, 25 10:10 am
Emergency Locksmith Dewsbury provides quick and professional solutions when you need them most. Whether you’re locked out of your home, office, or vehicle, or dealing with a broken lock, expert locksmiths in Dewsbury are available 24/7 to restore your security and peace of mind. With prompt response times and skilled workmanship, they ensure you’re never left stranded. https://lockandkeydewsbury.co.uk
aliraza1111111111 · Sep 28, 25 5:23 am
Locksmiths Leeds provide fast, reliable, and affordable solutions for all lock and security needs. Whether you’re locked out of your home, need a new lock fitted, or want to upgrade your property’s security, local locksmiths are available 24/7 to assist. Serving both residential and commercial clients, they deliver expert services that keep your property safe and secure. https://lockandkeyleeds.co.uk
aliraza1111111111 · Sep 29, 25 4:18 am
Lock and Key York specialists provide reliable solutions for all your lock and key needs, ensuring your home, office, or business stays secure. Whether you’re locked out, need a spare key, or want to upgrade your property’s security, local experts deliver fast and affordable services. With 24/7 availability, they are always ready to help when you need them most. https://lockandkeyyork.co.uk
bushrabatool · Sep 29, 25 10:07 am
We chose the PU leatherette certificate holders for our executive training program. The durable, high-end finish instantly elevates the perceived value of the qualification. Great quality products at a surprisingly best price available. Certificate Holder Printingaliraza1111111111 · Sep 30, 25 10:31 am
Ironmongery plays a crucial role in both residential and commercial settings, providing the hardware needed for doors, windows, furniture, and more. From locks and handles to hinges and bolts, high-quality ironmongery ensures functionality, security, and durability. Whether you’re renovating, building, or upgrading your property, the right ironmongery products make a significant difference. https://locksandhardwaredirect.co.uk/
bushrabatool · Oct 15, 25 2:08 pm
We were searching for reliable deck contractors in Southern NH and found the best with Villandry Home Deck Builders Their reputation for quality is well-deserved.bushrabatool · Oct 16, 25 4:17 am
The professional and knowledgeable guides are why I trust HuntCGM over any other Hunting Outfitters California for my big game hunts.bushrabatool · Oct 16, 25 1:05 pm
The electrical work and light fixture installations performed by Go To Guy ATL were excellent. They updated our old wiring to modern standards, improving safety and functionality across the house. The electrician was knowledgeable, friendly, and worked very cleanly. It is great to find a comprehensive service provider in Atlanta. Go to Guy Deck Builders